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Leonardo da Vinci's sketch is believed to be the earliest example of a lathe which combines continual rotation and could also be operated by a single person. From d Vinci's Codex Atlanticus. The size of the flywheel makes me wonder if it was intended for metal turning. This illustration is also the first to show
a drive between two bearings of the headstock as well as a tailstock with a screw adjustment to turn work-pieces of different lengths between centres. Some of the other important inventions of the 15th century are also portrayed in Leonardo da Vincišs Codex Atlanticus(c.1500) including:
-The first floating mandrel for screw-cutting.
-A bow in place of the traditional spring pole.
-A cranked flywheel that had the tremendous advantage of continuous rotation providing constant speed and thus improved control over the cutting tool.
"But when Turnners work heavy Work, such as the Pole and Tread will not Command, the use the Great Wheel. This Wheel is so commonly known, that I shall need give you no other Description of it than the Figure itself", which you may see in Plate 14. a. It is turned about with one , and sometimes two Iron handles according to the weight of the work may require. -Joseph Moxon's Mechanick Exercises
A Great Wheel Lathe from Encyclopedie methodique, Vol IV. This example is of interest becauses of the dual wheels, providing two different turning speeds
Scanned from Daumas' A History of Technology & Invention Vol. I.
Another view of the same Turner.
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